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Human Genetics – Foundations and Applications**
Human genetics explores how traits, conditions, and biological characteristics are passed from one generation to the next. It examines the structure and function of genes—the basic units of heredity—and investigates how variations influence health, development, and diverse human characteristics. As scientific tools have advanced, human genetics has become one of the most influential fields in modern medicine.
Genes are composed of DNA, a molecular code that stores instructions for building and maintaining the human body. Every individual’s DNA carries unique combinations of genetic variants, which influence physical traits such as height, eye color, and skin tone. Beyond appearance, genes affect metabolism, immune response, and susceptibility to certain conditions. Understanding these genetic patterns helps identify risks for hereditary conditions and supports early detection and prevention.
The mapping of the human genome transformed the field. Sequencing technologies now allow researchers to study millions of genetic markers quickly and accurately. This progress supports…